Authors: Leonie Archer,

Aircraft Emissions and the Environment

Contents

1.                        World Aircraft: Some Facts and Figures – 1990-2020
1.1                          The Current Fleet: 1990
1.2                          The Medium Term: 1990 – 2000
1.3                          The Longer Term: 2000 – 2010
1.4                          Congestion in the Skies and on the Ground

2.                        Fuel Consumption and Emission Rates
2.1                          Pollution Species, Current Law and Standards
2.2                          Measuring the Exhaust Emissions from Jet Engines
2.3                          Emission Profiles of Current Subsonic Aircraft: The LTO Cycle
2.4                          Emissions during Cruise
2.5                          Emissions of CO2
2.6                          Emissions of H2O
2.7                          Emissions from Supersonic Aircraft
2.8                          Counting the Pollution: The Global Fleet

3.                        Environmental Impact of Aircraft on the Atmosphere
3.1                          Emissions in the Troposhere
3.2                          Emissions in the Stratosphere
3.3                          Summary: Aircraft Pollution in both Troposphere and Stratosphere

4.                        Emission Control and Technical Fixes – 1990-2020
4.1                          General Improvements in Fuel Efficiency and Overall Emission Levels
4.2                          Emission Levels of the Subsonic Fleet in 2010
4.3                          Emission Levels of the Future Supersonic Fleet
4.4                          Total Future Emissions

5.               Conclusions: What to do next?