WP_Query Object
(
[query] => Array
(
[post_type] => publications
[posts_per_page] => -1
[meta_query] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[key] => author
[value] => 30369
[compare] => LIKE
)
)
)
[query_vars] => Array
(
[post_type] => publications
[posts_per_page] => -1
[meta_query] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[key] => author
[value] => 30369
[compare] => LIKE
)
)
[error] =>
[m] =>
[p] => 0
[post_parent] =>
[subpost] =>
[subpost_id] =>
[attachment] =>
[attachment_id] => 0
[name] =>
[pagename] =>
[page_id] => 0
[second] =>
[minute] =>
[hour] =>
[day] => 0
[monthnum] => 0
[year] => 0
[w] => 0
[category_name] =>
[tag] =>
[cat] =>
[tag_id] =>
[author] =>
[author_name] =>
[feed] =>
[tb] =>
[paged] => 0
[meta_key] =>
[meta_value] =>
[preview] =>
[s] =>
[sentence] =>
[title] =>
[fields] =>
[menu_order] =>
[embed] =>
[category__in] => Array
(
)
[category__not_in] => Array
(
)
[category__and] => Array
(
)
[post__in] => Array
(
)
[post__not_in] => Array
(
)
[post_name__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__not_in] => Array
(
)
[tag__and] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__in] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__and] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__in] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__not_in] => Array
(
)
[author__in] => Array
(
)
[author__not_in] => Array
(
)
[search_columns] => Array
(
)
[ignore_sticky_posts] =>
[suppress_filters] =>
[cache_results] => 1
[update_post_term_cache] => 1
[update_menu_item_cache] =>
[lazy_load_term_meta] => 1
[update_post_meta_cache] => 1
[nopaging] => 1
[comments_per_page] => 50
[no_found_rows] =>
[order] => DESC
)
[tax_query] => WP_Tax_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
)
[relation] => AND
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
)
[queried_terms] => Array
(
)
[primary_table] => wp_posts
[primary_id_column] => ID
)
[meta_query] => WP_Meta_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[key] => author
[value] => 30369
[compare] => LIKE
)
[relation] => OR
)
[relation] => AND
[meta_table] => wp_postmeta
[meta_id_column] => post_id
[primary_table] => wp_posts
[primary_id_column] => ID
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
[0] => wp_postmeta
)
[clauses:protected] => Array
(
[wp_postmeta] => Array
(
[key] => author
[value] => 30369
[compare] => LIKE
[compare_key] => =
[alias] => wp_postmeta
[cast] => CHAR
)
)
[has_or_relation:protected] =>
)
[date_query] =>
[request] => SELECT wp_posts.*
FROM wp_posts INNER JOIN wp_postmeta ON ( wp_posts.ID = wp_postmeta.post_id )
WHERE 1=1 AND (
( wp_postmeta.meta_key = 'author' AND wp_postmeta.meta_value LIKE '{8aafc47a177092c55ada6fa9b11f8ce927c7eab78c705c7c13429d8bf7e33ae3}30369{8aafc47a177092c55ada6fa9b11f8ce927c7eab78c705c7c13429d8bf7e33ae3}' )
) AND ((wp_posts.post_type = 'publications' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'acf-disabled' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'wc-fraud-screen' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'wc-authorised')))
GROUP BY wp_posts.ID
ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC
[posts] => Array
(
[0] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 46125
[post_author] => 974
[post_date] => 2023-05-03 13:04:31
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-05-03 12:04:31
[post_content] => This paper discusses the supply of regasified LNG to the wholesale gas market and its contribution to UK energy security in the context of the fundamental changes to European gas price-formation in the last decade. It examines the three parts of the LNG supply chain; the functioning of the global LNG market, the capacity holdings and commercial operations at the UK’s three regas terminals and, thirdly, access to entry capacity on the regulated National Transmission System. The UK gas price crisis in Europe in 2021-22 revealed not only the flexibility and liquidity of LNG markets and the critical new role that the market for spot uncontracted LNG now plays in NBP and TTF price-determination but also unexpected constraints on the NTS.
UK gas supply is diverse but unbalanced in its lack of seasonal storage capacity and dependence on attracting LNG to meet peak winter demand. Regasified LNG now provides the main source of flexible supply to the NBP market in winter, as demonstrated in the protracted cold spell in December 2022, but UK shippers are restricted in their ability to exploit periods of LNG market weakness to build inventories for winter. The consequence is a disproportionate financial exposure of UK energy consumers to the price of uncontracted LNG in the winter months. The gas price crisis of 2021-22 highlighted the UK’s favourable access to LNG but also some weaknesses in the existing approach to energy security and current regulatory arrangements. A thorough post-crisis review of UK energy security and affordability in 2023 would be a timely commitment by the new DESNZ.
The UK has embarked on another wave of investment in regas and NTS capacity to accommodate LNG imports just as it faces more intense competition for LNG supply from both Asian and new European markets. In order to ensure that the UK remains competitive within Europe, DESNZ and Ofgem should seek to address a number of issues; the high cost of NTS entry capacity, the stability and fairness of capacity charging, NBP market liquidity, gas quality regulations and capacity congestion management.
[post_title] => LNG and UK Energy Security
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => lng-and-uk-energy-security
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2023-05-03 13:08:08
[post_modified_gmt] => 2023-05-03 12:08:08
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=46125
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[1] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 44696
[post_author] => 111
[post_date] => 2022-03-18 15:26:08
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-03-18 15:26:08
[post_content] => On 8 March 2022, the European Commission published the outline of a plan to make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030, starting with gas, in light of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Commission noted that EU gas imports from Russia in 2021 (pipeline and LNG combined) totalled 155 billion cubic metres (bcm), and stated that this could be reduced by two-thirds (101.5 bcm) before the end of 2022. At the same time, Commission stated its intention to present by April a legislative proposal requiring underground gas storage across the EU to be filled up to at least 90 per cent of its capacity by 1 October each year.
This OIES Insight analyses the component parts of this plan, and their implications. Specifically, the plan envisages increased non-Russian gas supply by 63.5 bcm through a combination of additional non-Russian LNG and pipeline imports and an increase in biomethane production. This supply increase is to be complemented by a 38 bcm reduction in EU gas demand, to be achieved through a combination of large-scale wind and solar power generation, rooftop solar power generation, heat pumps, and “EU-wide energy saving”. Between the reduction in gas demand and increase in non-Russian supply, the Commission hopes to reduce EU imports of Russian gas by two-thirds by the end of 2022.
We conclude that while some parts of the proposal are eminently achievable, others are more ambitious. On the supply side, an extra 50 bcm per year of LNG imports would not only absorb the forecast growth in global LNG supply in 2022, but also require a redirection of cargoes from Asia to Europe, which implies that European prices need to remain high to attract such cargoes. The increase in non-Russian pipeline imports seems realistic, subject to current import levels being sustained throughout the summer. On the demand side, the proposed reduction in gas demand appears to be feasible on paper, but reaching the target will be challenging. A combination of market drivers, specific measures, favourable external conditions (such as good availability of wind and hydro in the power sector and a warm winter) as well as more coal/nuclear in the generation mix will be needed for any target to be met.
The broader implications of the Commission proposals are their impacts on the global gas market (with prices likely higher than previously forecast for the remainder of the 2020s) and additional impetus provided to the energy transition, given the increased urgency of decreasing European fossil gas demand.
[post_title] => The EU plan to reduce Russian gas imports by two-thirds by the end of 2022: Practical realities and implications
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => the-eu-plan-to-reduce-russian-gas-imports-by-two-thirds-by-the-end-of-2022-practical-realities-and-implications
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2022-03-18 15:30:59
[post_modified_gmt] => 2022-03-18 15:30:59
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=44696
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[2] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 43825
[post_author] => 111
[post_date] => 2021-07-01 10:43:29
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-07-01 09:43:29
[post_content] => Across Europe, the tension between the pursuit of national emission reduction targets and global climate targets and between the competing objectives of energy and climate policy is becoming more evident. This is particularly apparent in the gas-producing countries of NW Europe, notably the Netherlands, which combines domestic gas production, state participation in the upstream, a high dependence on gas in end-use and very ambitious energy transition targets.
The geopolitical, financial and supply security consequences of the rapid rise in Dutch gas imports since the decision to phase out Groningen gas production has attracted much attention, but the environmental consequences have been harder to identify and much less discussed. This paper looks at the mature ‘small fields’, examines the resource base, future production and GHG emissions and attempts to quantify the global emissions benefit of extending the life of these fields and of maximising their production over the next 20-25 years. The carbon footprint or GHG emissions associated with the supply from the small fields is exceptionally low by international standards and much lower than all sources of imported gas except Norway. Since the Netherlands will still be consuming natural gas well into the 2040s under the most ambitious projections of the energy transition, it makes environmental sense to maximise the supply from domestic resources.
The ‘small fields’ have suffered a period of accelerated decline in recent years due to an unfavourable investment climate, policy neglect and low gas prices. In 2020, production fell to 13.3 bcm, two thirds from offshore fields in the North Sea and imports rose to a new record level. The re-use of part of the existing upstream infrastructure is central to current plans for CCS and offshore generation of renewable electricity and hydrogen. Extending production from existing gas resources through responsive government policy and avoiding premature decommissioning of this infrastructure should remain priorities of public policy well into the 2030s, or until all technology and economic options for decarbonisation have been thoroughly explored.
[post_title] => Dutch Gas Production from the Small Fields: Why extending their life contributes to the energy transition
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => dutch-gas-production-from-the-small-fields-why-extending-their-life-contributes-to-the-energy-transition
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2021-07-01 10:43:29
[post_modified_gmt] => 2021-07-01 09:43:29
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=43825
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[3] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 43287
[post_author] => 111
[post_date] => 2020-12-17 12:52:57
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-17 12:52:57
[post_content] => This comment looks at the announcement by the Danish government on 4 December to cancel the 8th offshore licensing round and all future rounds and to phase out all production of oil and gas by 2050. It describes the industry and political background to the announcement, including the ambitious legal target of a 70% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050, and the most recent official projections of offshore production. It concludes that it will shape operators’ investment and management of mature fields but its impact on Danish emissions and upstream production in 2030 and 2050 is likely to be much more modest than at first appears. However, if the reform galvanises the Danish authorities and investors to commit resources to the development of offshore CO2 storage in the period 2025-30, it may contribute significantly to Denmark’s climate objectives.
[post_title] => Denmark’s phase-out of upstream oil and gas: Effective climate policy or symbolic gesture?
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => denmarks-phase-out-of-upstream-oil-and-gas-effective-climate-policy-or-symbolic-gesture
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2021-08-19 10:47:11
[post_modified_gmt] => 2021-08-19 09:47:11
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=43287
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[4] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 42747
[post_author] => 111
[post_date] => 2020-11-17 11:36:05
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-11-17 11:36:05
[post_content] => The recent adoption by the UK and Norway of ‘net zero’ and ‘climate neutrality’ targets by 2050 has galvanised the upstream oil and gas industry in both countries to adopt GHG emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 for the first time. Meeting these targets, ensuring an appropriate sharing of costs between investors and taxpayers and preserving investor confidence will present a lasting challenge to governments and industry. The scale of the challenge on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) is far greater than on the more mature UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) since the remaining resource base is much larger, the expected future production decline is less severe and the emission intensity on the NCS is already much lower (10 kg CO2e/boe) than on the UKCS (28 kgCO2e/boe). Norway is expected to deliver future CO2 emission reduction through an extension of its existing power-from-shore electrification programme. The high cost of such investment, borne mainly by the state via the tax system, is a political and social choice made by Norway to reduce upstream CO2 emissions without giving up its commitment to develop its remaining offshore resources.
On the UKCS, the new industry target to reduce GHG emissions by 50 per cent by 2030 will require the integration of emission abatement into the OGA’s MER UK strategy, well-designed economic incentives, including possibly carbon pricing and fiscal reform, and behavioural changes from operators. The relatively short remaining economic life of many mature fields and the dispersed nature of offshore power demand penalises both power-from-shore and CCS as routes to least-cost emission reduction but future integration with offshore renewable electricity generation may offer some abatement opportunities at larger installations. Methane emissions have for some years been a blind spot for government and industry on the UKCS. The UKCS has the potential to reduce methane emissions significantly from flaring, venting and leakage through better emission reporting, a more robust consents regime and changes to operating practices.
[post_title] => Net Zero Targets and GHG Emission Reduction in the UK and Norwegian Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: A Comparative Assessment
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => net-zero-targets-and-ghg-emission-reduction-in-the-uk-and-norwegian-upstream-oil-and-gas-industry-a-comparative-assessment
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2020-11-17 11:36:05
[post_modified_gmt] => 2020-11-17 11:36:05
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=42747
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[5] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 34928
[post_author] => 111
[post_date] => 2020-01-30 14:11:31
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-01-30 14:11:31
[post_content] => The OIES Natural Gas Quarterly aims to provide a regular insight into the thoughts of Research Fellows on topical issues as well as providing a different angle on trends in global gas pricing. In the pricing section, the Quarterly reviews the LNG Tightness measure, looks at the Russian gas export price to Europe versus the marginal cost of US LNG and also reviews prices on Gazprom’s Electronic Sales Platform (ESP). In Asia we compare the Japanese LNG import price with the LNG spot price and also look at Chinese domestic prices compared with JKM.
The Quarterly also outline our views on the Key Themes for 2020, including thoughts from Mike Fulwood on LNG project FIDs and how developers may need to accelerate plans if they are not going to miss the next window of opportunity in the mid-2020s. Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples then question the availability of LNG for Europe and ask whether sufficient storage will be available to take all the possible supply. Anouk Honore then looks at a possible cause for optimism for European gas demand, highlighting key legislation that should be passed in 2020 concerning coal phase out in Germany. Continuing the European theme, Marshall Hall discusses likely further progress this year in the transformation of the Dutch gas market, while James Henderson considers the increasing diversity of Russian gas export flows via pipeline and LNG. Jack Sharples develops the theme of Russian gas exports further, suggesting that the Gazprom ESP can provide further evidence concerning the company’s export strategy in 2020. On a different, but still European, theme Anouk Honoré considers the potential impact of the new EU Green Deal and considers how it could be developed further during the year with potentially long-lasting consequences for the energy system. Martin Lambert then suggests that 2020 could be the year when we start to see more active progress in decarbonisation outside Europe, with Australia, Japan and even the US highlighted as possible sources of technology development and practical action in the decarbonisation of the gas sector. Michal Median then outlines her view on the outlook for the Chinese gas sector in 2020, suggesting that coal to gas switching could regain some momentum and that LNG could benefit as a result. Finally, Patrick Heather looks at the emergence of the JKM price marker as a benchmark for gas prices in Asia and suggests that further progress could be made this year towards it becoming the pre-eminent pricing tool in the region.
[post_title] => Quarterly Gas Review - Issue 8
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => quarterly-gas-review-issue-8
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2020-01-30 14:11:31
[post_modified_gmt] => 2020-01-30 14:11:31
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=34928
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[6] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 31762
[post_author] => 111
[post_date] => 2019-07-19 10:30:24
[post_date_gmt] => 2019-07-19 09:30:24
[post_content] => The decline in indigenous gas production in Europe is an important issue as the region struggles to address its security of supply issues. Understanding the future of gas output is therefore of critical importance and having first addressed the future of the Norwegian Continental Shelf Marshall Hall now turns his attention to the UKCS. In this detailed and informative paper he not only provides an assessment of the resources still available in UK waters and the economics of their production, but also assesses regulatory issues and government policy that could promote increased output in future. He analyses projections of future UK gas production and provides important context for the assessment of the UK’s offshore gas potential. At a time when gas continues to play a vital role in the country’s energy mix, especially as coal is phased out, we believe that this paper is an important contribution to the debate around the future of gas in the UK.
[post_title] => Gas Production from the UK Continental Shelf: An Assessment of Resources, Economics and Regulatory Reform
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => gas-production-from-the-uk-continental-shelf-an-assessment-of-resources-economics-and-regulatory-reform
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2019-07-19 10:30:11
[post_modified_gmt] => 2019-07-19 09:30:11
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=31762
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[7] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 30909
[post_author] => 111
[post_date] => 2018-03-07 10:20:11
[post_date_gmt] => 2018-03-07 10:20:11
[post_content] => Norwegian net gas production reached a record high of 122 bcm in 2017, confounding many industry observers who had in 2016 and 2017 been sceptical of the ability of the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) to maintain production at 110-115 bcm. In January 2018, the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) made significant upward revisions to its gas production projections which now show output of 121-123 bcm pa from 2018 to 2022, declining to 112 bcm in 2025 and then stabilising at 90-92 bcm pa in 2030-35. This paper examines the reliability of the NPD’s past projections and the plausibility of its updated projections based on published resource data, exploration activity, the capacity of onshore and offshore gas infrastructure, the demand for gas for improved oil recovery and published field development plans. It concludes that the recent revisions reflect a confident appraisal of the resource base and the numerous options for new gas development of existing fields and discoveries. The risk of failing to meet the updated projections to about 2027 appears to be low. Beyond 2027, the projections carry a progressively higher degree of geological, economic and political risk particularly in light of the recent lack of exploration success. By 2035, 30 bcm of the projected 90 bcm of annual gas production is expected to come from currently undiscovered resources. The visibility of future gas production has diminished in recent years because of the reduction in future delivery commitments in Statoil’s gas sales portfolio. However, the reform of its gas sales since 2010 has conferred valuable new flexibility in future upstream investment decisions to develop and market NCS gas resources. The position of Norway as a reliable and competitive supplier of both contracted and flexible gas to NW Europe appears to be secure for the foreseeable future.
[post_title] => Norwegian Gas Exports - Assessment of Resources and Supply to 2035
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => norwegian-gas-exports-assessment-resources-supply-2035
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2018-03-07 10:20:11
[post_modified_gmt] => 2018-03-07 10:20:11
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=30909
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
)
[post_count] => 8
[current_post] => -1
[before_loop] => 1
[in_the_loop] =>
[post] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 46125
[post_author] => 974
[post_date] => 2023-05-03 13:04:31
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-05-03 12:04:31
[post_content] => This paper discusses the supply of regasified LNG to the wholesale gas market and its contribution to UK energy security in the context of the fundamental changes to European gas price-formation in the last decade. It examines the three parts of the LNG supply chain; the functioning of the global LNG market, the capacity holdings and commercial operations at the UK’s three regas terminals and, thirdly, access to entry capacity on the regulated National Transmission System. The UK gas price crisis in Europe in 2021-22 revealed not only the flexibility and liquidity of LNG markets and the critical new role that the market for spot uncontracted LNG now plays in NBP and TTF price-determination but also unexpected constraints on the NTS.
UK gas supply is diverse but unbalanced in its lack of seasonal storage capacity and dependence on attracting LNG to meet peak winter demand. Regasified LNG now provides the main source of flexible supply to the NBP market in winter, as demonstrated in the protracted cold spell in December 2022, but UK shippers are restricted in their ability to exploit periods of LNG market weakness to build inventories for winter. The consequence is a disproportionate financial exposure of UK energy consumers to the price of uncontracted LNG in the winter months. The gas price crisis of 2021-22 highlighted the UK’s favourable access to LNG but also some weaknesses in the existing approach to energy security and current regulatory arrangements. A thorough post-crisis review of UK energy security and affordability in 2023 would be a timely commitment by the new DESNZ.
The UK has embarked on another wave of investment in regas and NTS capacity to accommodate LNG imports just as it faces more intense competition for LNG supply from both Asian and new European markets. In order to ensure that the UK remains competitive within Europe, DESNZ and Ofgem should seek to address a number of issues; the high cost of NTS entry capacity, the stability and fairness of capacity charging, NBP market liquidity, gas quality regulations and capacity congestion management.
[post_title] => LNG and UK Energy Security
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => lng-and-uk-energy-security
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2023-05-03 13:08:08
[post_modified_gmt] => 2023-05-03 12:08:08
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.oxfordenergy.org/?post_type=publications&p=46125
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publications
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[comment_count] => 0
[current_comment] => -1
[found_posts] => 8
[max_num_pages] => 0
[max_num_comment_pages] => 0
[is_single] =>
[is_preview] =>
[is_page] =>
[is_archive] => 1
[is_date] =>
[is_year] =>
[is_month] =>
[is_day] =>
[is_time] =>
[is_author] =>
[is_category] =>
[is_tag] =>
[is_tax] =>
[is_search] =>
[is_feed] =>
[is_comment_feed] =>
[is_trackback] =>
[is_home] =>
[is_privacy_policy] =>
[is_404] =>
[is_embed] =>
[is_paged] =>
[is_admin] =>
[is_attachment] =>
[is_singular] =>
[is_robots] =>
[is_favicon] =>
[is_posts_page] =>
[is_post_type_archive] => 1
[query_vars_hash:WP_Query:private] => 7465ee0e23919d1b4e8062203072af9e
[query_vars_changed:WP_Query:private] =>
[thumbnails_cached] =>
[allow_query_attachment_by_filename:protected] =>
[stopwords:WP_Query:private] =>
[compat_fields:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => query_vars_hash
[1] => query_vars_changed
)
[compat_methods:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => init_query_flags
[1] => parse_tax_query
)
)
-
03.05.23
LNG and UK Energy Security
This paper discusses the supply of regasified LNG to the wholesale gas market and its contribution to UK energy security in the context of the fundamental changes to European gas price-formation in the last decade. It examines the three parts of the LNG supply chain; the functioning of the global LNG market, the capacity holdings […]
By:
Marshall Hall
Download Publication
-
-
-
-
-
-
-